cold war :: essays research papers

1991 Gorbachev resigns as president of the USSRMikhail Gorbachev announces that he is resigning as presidentof the Soviet Union. In truth, there was not some(prenominal) of a SovietUnion from which to resign--just four days earlier, 11 of theformer Soviet republics had established the Commonwealth ofIndependent States (CIS), effectively dismembering the USSR.The Soviet Union, for all intents and purposes, had alreadyceased to exist.In his f arwell speech to the nation, Gorbachev indicated thatthe recent establishment of the CIS was the primary motive forhis resignation, claiming he was "concerned about the fact thatthe people in this country are ceasing to become citizens of agreat power and the consequences may be very difficult for all ofus to deal with." In words that were sometimes prideful,sometimes resentful, Gorbachev stated that he stood on hisrecord of achievement. He had, he claimed, overseen the SovietUnions trip down the "road of democracy." His reforms& quotsteered" the communist economy "toward the marketeconomy." He declared that the Russian people were "living in anew world" in which an "end has been put to the Cold War andto the arms race." Admitting "there were mistakes made,"Gorbachev remained relentless that he "never had any regrets"about the policies he pursued.In reality, Gorbachev had lost much of his power and prestige inthe Soviet Union steady before the establishment of the CIS. Theeconomy was unstable. No one seemed pleased byGorbachev-some opponents demanded even more politicalfreedom while hard-liners in his government contrasted anymovement toward reform. In August 1991, he survived a coupattempt only through the assistance of Russian Federation

Hitler Essay -- essays research papers

Adolft Hitler HITLER, Adolf (1889-1945). The rise of Adolf Hitler to the position of dictator of Germany is the story of a frenzied ambition that plunged the valet de chambre into the worst war in history. Only an army corporal in World War I, Hitler became Germanys chancellor 15 years later. He was born on April 20, 1889, in Braunau-am-Inn, Austria, of German descent. His father Alois was the illegitimate son of Maria Anna Schicklgruber. In middle age Alois took the name Hitler from his paternal grandfather. After two wives had died Alois married his nurture daughter, Klara Poelzl, a Bavarian, 23 years younger than he. She became Adolfs mother. Hitlers rambling, emotional autobiography Mein Kampf (My Struggle) reveals his unstable early life. His father, a petty customs official, wanted the boy to study for a government position. But as young Hitler wrote later, "the thought of slaving in an office made me ill . . . not to be master of my own time." Passively defying his father, the froward boy filled most of his school hours with daydreams of becoming a painter. His one school interest was history, especially that of the Germans. When his teacher glorified Germanys role, "we would sit there rhapsodic and often on the verge of tears." From boyhood he was devoted to Wagners operas that glorified the Teutons dark and furious mythology. Failure dogged him. After his fathers death, when Adolf was 13, he studied watercolor painting, save accomplished li...

Antigone :: essays research papers

"Antigone" the play written by Sophocles deals with moral law vs civil law. King Creon has condemned Princess Antgione. Antgione went against the kings decree and inhumed her brother Ploynices. Antgione now will be punished by famishment under King Creons decree. Antigone is a choleric, strong willed, and determined women. Antigone is a passionate character in the play we decide this as we learn of her as we see her put moral law above civil law. An important specimen in Ancient Greece was the belief that the government was to have no control in matters concerning religious beliefs. In Antigones eyes, Creon betrayed that ideal by not allowing her to properly polish off her brother, Polynices. She believed that the burial was a religious ceremony, and Creon did not have the power to deny Polynices that right. Antigone is ready to defy Creons decree and do what she feels in her heart is right we see this when she says "Will you life up his body with these bare hands and lower it with me? ". Threw out the play Antigone is strong willed. She doesnt want Ismene to explain the law to her. When she asks Ismene to benefactor her with the burial of Ploynice, Ismene says no. When Ismene tries to convince Antigone to not defy Creons decree Antigone tells her "I wont insist no, even if you should have a change in heart, Id never welcome you in the labor, not with me. So, do as you like, whatever suits you best- Ill bury him myself.". Antigone is not willing to give up with out a fight and she isnt going to let anyone get in her way. Antigone is one of the strong willed characters in this play. When she is done burring her brother, after all the torment she has endured she says "My cultism only brands me for irreverence". Antigone isnt sorry even though by doing the right thing she will be put to death by starvation in a tomb. She is obeying the law of the gods rather then the law of Creon. When Antigone takes matters in to her own h ands and does what is right ,that shows strong soul . Having a strong smell out of moral law in Greek mythology will lead to a good after life.

Al Capone :: essays research papers

By all accounts, Alphonse did well at school until the 6th grade, then at the age of 14 he was expelled for retaliating against a female teacher who hit him. Following his expulsion, the Capone family decided to move neighbourhoods - a chance move that would have a huge conflict on Als criminal future.Just round the corner from Capones new home was the headquarters of gentleman gangster Johnny Torrios East Coast operation. And like many a(prenominal) boys in the area, he became involved in running errands for Torrio, just to earn a little extra money.Despite his involvement with Torrio and street gangs, Capone continued to manoeuvre and support his family. However, when Torrio moved to Chicago, Capone was left open to some bad influences. At the age of 18, Capone was hired by an aggressive gangster Frankie Yale to work in his bar, the Harvard Inn. It was an sequent in the Harvard Inn that earned Capone his nickname "Scarface".One night local gangster Frank Gallucio was d rinking with his sister at the Harvard Inn, when Capone approached the young girl to wage her a compliment. Gallucio took offence to the young punk and began a brawl with Capone, it was during the scuffle the older man pulled a knife and cut Capones face three generation - Scarface was born.In early 1918, the career of Capone took another unexpected turn when he met the other most influential person in his life - his future married woman Mae. Later that year, on December 4th, Capone became the proud father of Albert (Sonny) Francis Capone - Johnny Torrio became the godfather to his son.Such a dramatic change in lifestyle made him reconsider his career, and he resigned from the Harvard Inn and went to work for a construction firm as a bookkeeper.Chicagos underworld beckonsIn January 1920, the 18th Amendment of the Prohibition Act came into force, which made the brewing, distilling and distribution of alcohol completely illegal. The Prohibition era had begun, and Chicagos criminal underworld, including Johnny Torrio, was well prepared to make bootlegging illegal alcohol an extremely profitable business. Back in New York, Capone continued to concentrate on his legitimate career right up until the end of 1920 when his father tragically died. Without this strong parental figure, he resumed affair with Torrio, who had built up an influential racketeering empire in Chicago. It wasnt long before Torrio invited him to join him, and within a few months, Capones life took a drastic turn that would change his destiny forever.

Imperialism And India Essay -- essays research papers fc

Imperialism and India     Throughout history, many nations have implemented imperialism to enforcetheir will over others for money, protection and civilization. India was noexception. Since its discovery, Europeans were trying get a piece of Indiasaction. In many cases England was the imperial, or mother country. Since Indiawas put under imperialism, a great deal of things changed, some for the good,mostly though for the bad. Between 1640 and 1949, India was govern by two dots of imperialism, both of which effected India in a very pro erect andpermanent manner.     The first period of European check up on was between 1740 and 1858. Duringthis period the British eastbound India Company controlled the Indian sub-continentunder the guise of economic imperialism, when in fact the manipulation of Indianaffairs was much more policy-making than let on. When it was founded in 1600 byQueen Elizabeth I, the East India Companys main purpose was "t o break into theIndonesian spice trade which was dominated by the Dutch." But later on colonizing apost a Madras in 1640, the company was re-chartered to include such rights ascoining money and act as government to British subjects at the East IndiaCompanys posts. As well, the British government also gave the company theright to make was or peaceful arrangements with powers who were non-Christian.This control expanded with the founding of a port at Bombay in 1668, and thefounding of Calcutta in 1690. past in 1756, a young employee named Robert Clive,who had been named lieutenant-governor in 1755, was sent to take back Calcuttafrom the Bengal nawab. He accomplished this in January of 1757. Then laterthat year, Clive lead a group of 950 European and 2,000 Indian soldiers(sepoys)against a group of 50,000 Indians lead by a degenerate nawab at Plassey. The mastery of the English forces over the local resistance brought Bengal under theeffective political control of the East India C ompany. Although a "puppetnawab" was left in control of the area, Clive was granted the right to extractland revenue from most of eastern India. Through out this whole period, thecompany slowly found its privledges being revoked, until in 1858, the SepoyRebellion, or the Indian Revolution, finally brought an end to the rule of theEast India Company in India when it ... ...health of Indians, created such a tremendous population explosion thatfamine resulted in some regions. As well, the creation of British educatedprofessionals and business people created a new upper-class in India changingthe rule of class in India forever. All of these changes, while under the guiseof helping the natives, unless served to help the colonists and leave the Indiansfeeling inferior, as though Indians are only "hewers of wood, and drawers of pissing"     All of these changes in Indian culture and economy forever changed thedestiny of the Land of India. While many ch anges may have been good inretrospect, they were only meant to help the colonizing British. Overall, thecolonization of India had nothing but a negative effect on its people andculture. Perhaps one day people will induce that imposing one culture onanother is not only wrong, but it is destructive to the natural course of acountries history.Bibliography"India" Groiler Electronic Encyclopedia, 1994"India" article found on Internet, 1996"India, a history of," Groiler New Book of Knowledge, 1979In class speech by Mr. Seqera, 1996

Imperialism And India Essay -- essays research papers fc

Imperialism and India     Throughout history, many nations have implemented imperialism to enforcetheir will all over others for m championy, protection and civilization. India was noexception. Since its discovery, Europeans were trying get a piece of Indiasaction. In many cases England was the imperial, or mother country. Since Indiawas put under imperialism, a great deal of things changed, some for the good,mostly though for the bad. Between 1640 and 1949, India was ruled by twainperiods of imperialism, both of which effected India in a very profound andpermanent manner.     The first period of European control was between 1740 and 1858. Duringthis period the British eastern hemisphere India Company controlled the Indian sub-continentunder the guise of economic imperialism, when in fact the manipulation of Indianaffairs was much more political than let on. When it was founded in 1600 byQueen Elizabeth I, the East India Companys main purpo se was "to break into theIndonesian spice trade which was dominated by the Dutch." But after colonizing a denounce a Madras in 1640, the company was re-chartered to include such sets ascoining money and act as government to British subjects at the East IndiaCompanys posts. As well, the British government also gave the company theright to make was or peaceful arrangements with powers who were non-Christian.This control expanded with the understructure of a port at Bombay in 1668, and thefounding of Calcutta in 1690. Then in 1756, a young employee named Robert Clive,who had been named lieutenant-governor in 1755, was sent to take back Calcuttafrom the Bengal nawab. He accomplished this in January of 1757. Then laterthat year, Clive get out a group of 950 European and 2,000 Indian soldiers(sepoys)against a group of 50,000 Indians lead by a degenerate nawab at Plassey. Thevictory of the English forces over the local resistance brought Bengal under theeffective political contr ol of the East India Company. Although a "puppetnawab" was left in control of the area, Clive was granted the right to extractland revenue from most of eastern India. Through out this whole period, thecompany slowly found its privledges being revoked, until in 1858, the SepoyRebellion, or the Indian Revolution, finally brought an end to the rule of theEast India Company in India when it ... ...health of Indians, created such a tremendous population explosion thatfamine resulted in some regions. As well, the creation of British educatedprofessionals and business people created a new upper-class in India changingthe rule of class in India forever. All of these changes, age under the guiseof helping the natives, only served to help the colonists and leave the Indiansfeeling inferior, as though Indians are only "hewers of wood, and drawers ofwater"     All of these changes in Indian culture and economy forever changed thedestiny of the Land of India . While many changes may have been good inretrospect, they were only meant to help the colonizing British. Overall, the settlement of India had nothing but a negative effect on its people andculture. Perhaps one day people will realize that imposing one culture onanother is not only wrong, but it is destructive to the natural course of acountries history.Bibliography"India" Groiler Electronic Encyclopedia, 1994"India" article found on Internet, 1996"India, a history of," Groiler New Book of Knowledge, 1979In class speech by Mr. Seqera, 1996

Diathesis Stress Model

Diathesis- This is the genetic predisposition which the Genain children expressed through their father. Mr. Genain had various fears and obsessions such as patrolling the house because he was worried of a break in, forms of paranoia. Since paranoia is a symptom of schizophrenia it is likely that Mr. Genain was schizophrenic and he passed this gene onto the children. Later on, his actions created stress that triggered the schizophrenia in his children. song Nora and Myra were considered the to a greater extent superior set of twins and thereof were able to function better than Iris and Hester.This categorization is probably one of the first stressors that caused Iris and Hester to get together the worst from the disorder. A stress that affected all of the children and helped trigger the disorder was Mr. Genains insistence on watching the girls dress and undress. Furthermore, his molestation of two of the girls make them more likely to develop schizophrenia. Part of the reason Nora was not as successful as Myra was because she was her fathers favorite sexual target which added more stress to her life.Another stressor that hurt Iris and Hester was when their parents had their clitoriss were circumcised. Also, since Iris, Nora, and Myra began deteriorating after a man made improper advances this proves that stress played a fully grown role in the signaling of schizophrenia. Myra was able to be the most functioning individual because she was her parents favorite and received the least objectionable attention, and therefore had the least amount of stress in her life.

First characteristic book Essay

Willa Cather has never published a bad book. Ergo, all of her work is of the same excellence, all of it has the same importance. Speaking about her creative activity it is arduous to divide her heritage into good and bad books. Nevertheless, despite that fact the truth is that Cathers strongest books are those related to the westbound, to the land of her puerility. Willa Sibert Cather was born in Virginia, but brought up from the age of 8 in Nebraska, where she was reared among the immigrants.My attempt will be to find out what episodes of Willa Cathers life had impact upon her work and to prove that this impact was deciding(prenominal) in the formation of mature and internationally known writer worthy being included in contemporary literary canon. Willa Cather was educated at the University of Nebraska, where she examine Latin that may have influenced her graceful Virgilian style. (Daiches, 1951, 34) Later she worked on the staff, then as editor, of McClures Magazine in New York from 1906 to 1912. With O Pioneers, written in 1913, she turned to the Nebraska prairies to relate the stories she fingerd, he stories praising the romanticism and difficulties of the life in frontier. She was awarded with a Pulitzer Prize for her novel One of Ours of 1922. Willa Cather would probably be a writer even had she never gone West in her proto(prenominal) impressionable years. What kind of a writer, it would be hard to say. In this context crowd together Seaton makes some presumption, namely he refers to the inferior quality of her non-Western books, that we should not have had anything like her present masterpieces, and that America and the world would not have heard of her.(Seaton, 1998, 147) Willa Cathers best works are indeed the result of cooperation of poetic vision of the artist in words and landscape where each gives to each, the artist giving her elect country expression and duration forever, the country and the people so identifying themselves with the artis t as to become backbone and marrow of her work. Willa Cathers union with the great table-lands east of the Rockies had prominent effect on her best works. The passion for description of past in Cathers works is usually explained by critics as the influence of her childhood spent in Nebraska.(Brown, 1953, OBrien, 1987) and Joan Acocella justly calls Cather the elegist of the pioneer period, the repository of what America thinks of as its earlyish triumphs. (Acocella, 2000, 3) Willa Cather wrote three novels, her so-called prairie trilogy all based on her childhood in Nebraska. In the 1913 O Pioneers a young Swedish immigrant, Alexandra Bergson, raises a blooming farm out of the barren Nebraska plain. Then comes The Song of the Lark, in which Thea Kronborg, another little Swede, stuck in another prairie town, dreams of becoming an artist, and actually makes it.And the third is My Antonia, the story of a Czech girl, Antonia Shimerda. Willa Cather takes to her heart the simplest sou ls of the West, the generous, impulsive, loyal souls of brakeman, ranchman, pioneer, missionary priest and Indian. Willa Cathers Thea Kronborg, her Claude Wheeler, her Professor St. Peter, her Archbishop carry the pioneers flag of endurance into the higher realms, driven on by their imagination and their passion to a more perfect world.Willa Cathers early resettlement to the West brought about for her, without her striving for it, the revelation of a landscapes essential beauty and of the particular imprint on it of human sufferings and toil. Her early experience was that factor which encouraged the development of originality and a form of Cathers writing. The length of that experience is eloquent enough a child of nine came, saw, and conquered the West it took a mature woman of some published books behind her to write O Pioneers, Willa Cathers probably first characteristic book.Willa Cather soon exchanged the prairie for the schoolroom. Nevertheless, the prairie and the pioneers ha d given(p) her what no school could have given the first priceless experience of life in the open in a vast untamed country, an experience that is all the more palpable in her novels with eloquent English tongue poetizing beauty of the West, the pioneers inarticulate dreams, their stoic acceptance of the inevitable, and their ready answer to the call of adventure.

Business Managing financial resources and decisions Essay

IntroductionMrs. Jessica Bell wants to setup her own guild which entrust provide accounting and consultancy solutions. She has cool other inevitable data and other aspects atomic number 18 withal easily on hand(predicate) to her. The name of the company is JAC SOLUTIONS. The company exacts $800000 to bear the appeal of establishment, work capital and followd capital. She already has 200000 pounds and needs to engender 600000 pounds through sources of long enclosure and short term finance. We need to analyze different sources of finances that erect eb taken to consideration for bearing the cost of working capital, seed capital and establishment costs. We also need to determine the implications and related advantages and disadvantages of the sources of finance. Apart from this, Mrs. Jessica Bell wants to bargain for a property of 350000 pounds for the strain purpose and for this she is considering a long term impart for 12 divisions and a mortgage of 25 years. She h as 70000 pounds for initial down kick inment for the property. Now we need to calculate and analyze that which one get out better option for her for buying the property. Apart from this she needs to understand the meaning and importance of monetary planning and the information that ar needed about a blood line by the investors and shareholders. We also need to describe the different types of budgets and the importance of budget digest in decision making process. we ordain also analyze the fiscal statements of a profit making fundamental law.Question P1Four sources of finances that are availcapable to JAC SOLUTIONS She stub consider some sources of finances as discussed below-Venture capitalVenture capital funds support growing impregnables during their inception stages and before they are going for initial public offerings of shares. Firm pass on get hazard capital as a form of justness capital. It represents a highly insecure investment in the hope of gather ining hi gher(prenominal) communicate in future. It typically invests into beauteousness or quasi equity instruments in financial market which will be able to share the risk and profit of the investee potent. Venture capitalist not only invests in the rude(a) company but also guides the firm actively in taking major decisions. financial burden of the assisted firm tends to be low. Venture capitalist normally close it position by liquidating the investment from the assisted firm later on 7 years. (Chandra, 2011, p.436).Bank LoanPersonal or mercenary loans from lodges and financial institutions are one of the most democratic forms of financing. It includes long term and short term loans. Long term loans are useful to finance fixed assets and large expenses like buildings, property and machinery. Short term loans are having duration of one year or less. These are mainly implemental for to pay day to day business expenses like payroll, inventory or any urgent requirements. secret Equity Private equity has become an integral part of the financial services industry in the world in last two decades for funding in small new business. Private equity companies are those which have their own pools of capital invested by different institutions or high net worth individuals and run by such managers who have deep knowledge in financial market linked to the performance of the funds. Private equity companies have their own set of written agreements upon which they judge the investee companies. They also participate in board meetings and hatful take managerial decisions (Chandra, 2011, p.437).Small avocation AdministrationSBA helps to facilitate loan for a new business bet on through a third party lender. It provides various types of financial assistance for the business which are effective and are designed to meet key needs. It includes debt financing, bonds, equity financing. In case of debt financing, SBA does not provide loans directly to the business. But it sets the gu idelines for therequirement and thusly it is lent by lenders, micro lending institutions etc. guarantee of the loan is given by the SBA. olibanum a SBA loan is similar to a commercial loan for a business (SBA, 2013).Question P2Implications of Venture slap-upVenture capital is one of the important sources of finance. If an entrepreneur decides toi take the help0 to raise finance for his/her business then he/she may go to the venture capitalists. In this case, the entrepreneur needs not to worry about the finance, the venture capital organisation will breast after it but the venture capital firm will also take part in the managerial decisions of the organisation.Advantages and disadvantages of sources of FinancePros and Cons of Venture Capital FinancingThe main advantage of venture capital financing is the venture capitalists gamble on the new company. If the new succeeds they earn high rate of return but if the new idea fails then they absorb their losses. If the business fails t he new firm wont have any burden on them. Beside this venture capital also help to grow business quickly. As the venture capitalists have a share in the new business, thus its also their interest to improve the network of the business with rich investors who might become to a greater extent profitable for the business (Cetindamar, 2003, pp. 29-30). There are also some disadvantages of venture capital financing. Venture capitalist owns a large portion of stake in the new company. Although the new company need not to repay the specie of the investors but it has some limitations. Venture capitalist invests his money in exchange of shares of the company. This reduces the number of shares in the hand of the founder of the company.Implications of Bank LoanBank loan can be taken to generate additional finance for the organisation. The implications of bank loan are that it can be arranged against some securities and the borrower needs to pay a fixed rate of interest. The bank will not in terfere in any of the managerial decisions.Pros and Cons of Bank LoansThe advantages of bank loan are that bank loans are cheap than equity financing and incase of bank loans the bank does not interfere in the managerial decisions of the company. The disadvantage of is that it carries interest which should be quittance with the principle amount in a specific duration of time. If the company is unable to repay it within stipulated time stop consonant then the bank can overtake the assets of the company which may leads to bankruptcy.Implications of Private EquityThe implications of private equity are quite similar with the implications of venture capital. The implications of private equity are that this helps to get additional finance and take the responsibilities of the business and help to take appropriate decisions.Pros and Cons of Private EquityThe main importance of private equity investment is that it involves introducing a new partner to the business that will share the respo nsibilities of the business and help in the managerial decisions. It also helps the business to raise equity at higher price and private equity firms also the help the new company by bringing additional skills and new business networks that will be more profitable for the new company (Benjamin, 2000, p.27). Private equity firm also has some kind of limitations. The promoter of the new company is accountable to the private equity firm for any kind of major decisions.Implications of SBAThe implications of SBA are that it helps to get third party loan like bank loans easily.Pros and Cons of SBAThe main important advantage of an SBA is that if the company treats the SBA loan properly then its chance of getting bank loan gets easy. It also has some disadvantages like it doesnt invest directly in the new business.Question P3Sources of finances for buying the propertyMrs. Bell wants to a buy a property of 350000 pounds and she has 70000 pounds in her hand for initial deposit which is 20% o f the property. Thus she needs to get funding for 280000 pounds.Long term loanLong term loans are useful for buying property and these are for generally more than 12 months. In this case Mrs. Bell wants to take a long term loan of 280000 pounds for 12 years. In UK the reliable rate of interest is costly about 6% for long term loans (Money.co.uk, 2014).MortgageMortgage is a debt instrument which is secured by a specific real estate property and the borrower of the mortgage is bound to pay back the principle with interest rate within a time period. It is used to buy large amount of real estate. In UK the current rate of mortgage is 6% and here the duration of mortgage will be 25 years.Question P4Borrowed Amount280000280000Total Interest salary336000700000Total repayment616000980000Total month144300Monthly installment 4,278 3,267The cost of the long term loan will be 4,278 pounds per month and total interest will paid of 336000 pounds. The cost of the mortgage will be 3,267 pounds per month. Total interest will be 700000 pounds. Thus we can see that the monthly interest of long term loan is higher than the mortgage payment but we should consider that in case of mortgage payment we need to pay more amount of total interest on with the principle amount than the long term loan. But for a starting business it will be better to pay lessmonthly installment because it is not sure about how money it will be able to earn in the beginning. Thus mortgage payment method should be chosen as the interest payment will be less.Question P5Financial planning can be defined as calculating about expected expenses and revenues for the coming financial year. Financial planning is necessary for a business organization to remove the business activity in a smooth way.ImportanceFinancial planning is important because it states about the probable necessary income and expenditures which will help to earn profit for the business organization. Financial planning includes budgeting meth od in which managers prepare a budget about upcoming income and expenses that the company has to taken care of. It helps us to set up a gross gross revenue target and goals for production process. Cash budget states about the future bullion receipts and payments for a specific period. It typically takes into account a period in the nearest future. The cash budget helps the business to decide when revenues will be sufficient to cover expenditures and when the organization will need to look for away financing. It is done monthly to look after the liquidity position of the company. Thus if cash budget has surplus amount of cash then it can be said that the company is hearty going by fulfilling the revenue target within the budgeted expenditures.Question P6Financial statements provide financial information to the investors and creditors regarding financial performance of the company. Analysis of financial statements helps the managers to cause decisions by understanding the financi al condition of the company (Wild, 2006, pp.12-15). For instance, the creditors and banks (capital providers) are generally interested in the safety and profitability of their investment. The equilibrise sheet of the company gives them an idea about where their money was invested by providing detailed information about the assets of company. Shareholders equity shown in the balance sheet is important for making decision making because it shows the changes in various equity components including retained earnings. The total net-worth of the company is the sum of retained earnings and shareholders equity. proceeds in shareholders equity by increasing retainedearnings implies accumulated investment returns (Swart, 2004, pp.300-302).Question P7If the shareholders of this business choose to include debt capital to finance this advise then it is very important for the business to have healthy financial statements. Since debt capital is a fixed obligation that requires regular repayment of interest along with principal. The business will have to pay regular interest on outstanding capital even if it incurs losses and has to liquidate assets. If the business is not able to earn more than its cost of capital then the net-worth of the investors will turn negative and business will be a failure. The most important pretend of sources of finance on financial statements arises from sale of assets and loan. The impact of loan on financial statements include reduction in net profit due to serve of interest rate liability higher provisions for doubtful debts and increase in liabilities along with increase in assets where funds were employed. The sale of asset helps organizations to make up cash immediately. This strategy is generally employed when the organization is unable to generate sufficient cash from core operations.Question P8Sales budget-It is constructed to estimate the future sales and it can be broken into currency and units. It is used to set a target for sale s goals for the company.Production budget-It estimates the number of uni8ts of output which should be stickd to meet the sales target. It also states about various costs that are involved in the manufacturing process.Material budgetMaterial budget is constructed after calculating the production requirements after preparing the production budget. It includes cost and amount of raw materials that is needed to conduct the production.Labour budgetIt is used to calculate the labor hours which will be needed to produce the required amount of output.Cash BudgetIt is an expectation of future cash receipts and consumptions for a specifictime period. It typically takes into account a period in the nearest future. The cash budget helps the business to decide when revenues will be sufficient to cover expenditures and when the organization will need to look for outside financing.Master budgetThe master budget is a one-year budget arranging record for the firm incorporating all different budgets . It matches with the financial year of the firm and may be broken down into quarters and, further, into months. On the off chance that the firm plans for the master budget to make continuous record, moving from year to year, then ordinarily a month is added to the end of the budget to encourage arranging. This is also known as continuous budgeting. How budget analysis is useful to make appropriate decisionBudget Analysis is very often helpful in making appropriate decisions. Budget helps the organization to decide about the necessary cost and sales target to fulfill. With the help of a budget, management can take proper decisions about the performance of the employees in meeting the target. Budget also helps to determine the efficiency of the managers in fulfilling the target work (The Times 100, 2014). Here we can take example of cash budget. Cash budget is very much necessary as it makes us understand about the situation of cash flow in the company. It is constructed by deductin g all the expenses from the sources of cash income. It is done monthly to look after the liquidity position of the company. Thus if cash budget has surplus amount of cash then it can be said that the company is well going by fulfilling the sales goal within limited expenditures.Question P11All profit making organization conducts some transactions everyday which has to be recorded in respective accounts so as to ascertain and reflect the square(a) position of financial resources. Here we have taken the example of Tesco as the profit making Organization to describe the main financial statements (see appendix). The income statement of Tesco shows the total revenue of 64826 jillion pounds. It has gross profit of 4584 million pounds and operating income of 3074 million pounds. The company has earned 124 million pounds as net profit for the financial year 2013. From the balancesheet of the company we can see that the total current asset is 13096 million pounds and total current liabilit ies are 18985 million pounds. The total asset is 50129 million pounds. The total liabilities and equity is 50129 pounds (Bloomberg, 2014). The Profit and Loss account provides information regarding total revenues, cost of sales, and gross profit. The gross profit is amount of money generated by the firm from direct sale of goods and services to customers which takes into account the direct cost of production (like cost of raw materials, labors, overheads, etc.). It also provides administrative and operating expenses and profit. The net profit for the period is shown in the reserves and surplus section of balance sheet.Without the P&L account it will not be possible for organizations to analyze true position of business on particular date. The balance sheet reflects the true financial position of firm by showing the total assets, liabilities and equity capital of the promoters. The assets and liabilities are also classified according to time period (long-term or short-term). Long-ter m or fixed assets include land, machinery, furniture, etc. and long-term liabilities include term loans, debentures, etc. short-term assets are cash, bills receivables, inventory, etc. The assets are financial resources owned by profit making firm whereas liabilities are resources owed by firm to internal and external stakeholders. The total assets should always be equal to total liabilities and owners equity capital. This is because liabilities are sources of fund and assets are application of funds implying that theoretically they should be equal (Gallagher and Andrew, 2007, pp.62-68).ConclusionFrom the above content we can see that there are different types of sources of finances available to Mrs. Bell like venture capital, private equity, bank loan and small business administration. Depending upon the implications and the related advantages and disadvantages she probably choose bank loan as the source of her necessary finance. We have also seen the meaning and importance of fi nancial planning and how information related to financial statements are helpful to the investors, shareholders and employees of the organisation. Apart from this, cash budget is also very much essential for managers to take important decision regarding the current position of the company. Thus from the above study it can be concluded that to take anyimportant decision in an organisation we need to analyze each and every aspect of the organisation and the financial position of the organisation.ReferencesChandra. P., 2011. Financial Management. India Tata McGraw-Hill Education. SBA, 2013, What SBA Offers to Help Small Businesses Grow. online. Available at http//www.sba.gov/content/what-sba-offers-help-small-businesses-grow. Accessed on March 31, 2014. Cetindamar, D., 2003. The Growth of Venture Capital A cross-cultural Comparison. USA Greenwood Publishing Group. Benjamin, G., 2000. Angel Financing How to Find and Invest in Private Equity. USA John Wiley & Sons. Gallagher, T. J. and A ndrew, J. D., 2007. Financial Management Principles and Practice. 4. United States Pearson Education, Inc. Swart, N., 2004. Personal Financial Management. 2. New Delhi Juta and Company Ltd. Wild, J. J., 2006. Financial Statement Analysis. 9. New Delhi Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. The Times 100., 2014. Budgeting and cash flow. Online. Available at http//businesscasestudies.co.uk/business-theory/finance/budgeting-and-cash-flow.htmlaxzz2xXcthI5I. Accessed on March 31, 2014. Money.co.uk., 2014. discriminate Secured Loans. Online. Available at http//www.money.co.uk/loans/secured-loans.htm. Accessed on March 31, 2014. Bloomberg., 2014. Tesco Plc (TSCOLondon Stock Exchange). Online. Available at http//investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=TSCOLN. Accessed on4/5/2014.BibliographyLandstrom, E., 2012. Handbook of interrogation on Venture Capital. UK Edward Elgar Publishing. Chandra. P., 2009. Projects 7/E. India Tata McGraw-Hill Educatio n. Brigham, E., 2013. Financial Management Theory & Practice. Cengage Learning Cendrowski, H., et al., 2012. Private Equity History, Governance, and Operations. New Jersey John Wiley & Sons. Bartzokas, A., 2004. Financial Systems, Corporate coronation in Innovation. and Venture Capital. UK Edward Elgar Publishing. Metrick, A., 2011. Venture Capital and the Finance of Innovation. USA John Wiley and Sons.

Good and Evil of Internet Essay

The onset of computers on the general population has given a boost to the Economy in the beingnesss market. mickle who werent much aware of the world became drawn to computers, which in turn brought about the internet, connecting the world all over. The profits has played a major use in the lives of people all over the world. Now, it is not limited to undecomposed important organizations or governments. Everyone who owns a computer is logged on to the net income and this has made the world seem smaller.No one has to wait for the postman to deliver the mail, but instead one can just connect to the Internet and right away, you got mail. The Internet has been a boon, yet there are its darker aspects, which has caused much defile. The world is now so dependent on the Internet that it seems unthinkable of life sentence without it. The computer intentness got a boost when the people discovered that the world was progressing in leaps and bounds, and should any country be left out would be considered a backward country. developing countries caught on to the progress.Learning about computers in school was made compulsory. To enhance the knowledge, everyone, youngish and old had to learn about computers and that was the first step. From computers to the Internet is but just a step ahead. Families who cook migrated to different parts of the world have the link of Internet to connect to their relatives and friends, in the strongest and cheapest way. Internet has brought families, friends and businesses closer than they actually are. Communications via the Internet is so fast and cheap that there is no hold to its progress.The Internet brought about a lot of developments around the world, which otherwise would have taken much longer. Employers could buy the best talent around the world at a cheaper price than they would have to pay for hiring local workers. The young and aim workers left their homes and found better employment abroad, by searching for jobs on the Internet. Businesses flourished, as they could be in touch with whom they were dealing with, fast and quick on the Internet. The Internet brought prosperity all around and every small and big business caught on to the fear of being left behind.Big and small schools unresolved up for teaching computers and the Internet. Cyber cafes flourished to the assistance of those who did not possess a computer. Various Internet service providers propped up offering a variety of discounts and benefits for Internet services. Industries prospered, employees and employers in addition prospered, and to say the least there is just no stopping to the growth of the Internet. Information is at your fingertips, there is no guide for the newspaper all you need to do is switch on the computer and go to the web page to read the news.The Internet certainly is responsible for the development of the world, but it also has its negativity, which has brought about considerable disruptions and problems i n its wake. Bad characters had limitations before, but now with the Internet, their limitations have gained a spot over. Countries know the secrets of each other and are always trying to harm one another in some way. Recent September eleven attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, in which thousands perished and landmarks reduced to rubble, are living proofs of what the Internet is capable of.Hacking, junk mail, obscene mail, porn mail and viruses are all done via the Internet. There is much damage done via the Internet to the minds of young adolescent children and these are just a few examples. The world is full of straightforward and bad people, and having the Internet at your fingertips leaves something to your imagination of where the world is progressing today. The discovery of Internet is definitely a boon to the world and the development and betterment it has done for countries and people throughout the world. The progress that the world has made is beyond imagina tion, thanks to the Internet.The Internet has its advantages and disadvantages too. Those who want the betterment of the world spread enlightment and those that are bad create trouble and Internet is just the media through which they have access to the minds of people fast and results are equally fast and damaging. Now it is the responsibility of each and every family, parents, teachers, and the well wisher of the world to educate their young impressionable children, to differentiate between the good and evil. We hope this awareness should eliminate the negative aspect of the Internet.

Flower for Algernon Essay

I. Setting and Atmosphere The Flower for Algernon took place in New York, City 1960s. It tone is vary with Charlies psychogenic insight. Its all about mentally disabled person wants to become intelligent and who was abandon by his mother and bullied by other people.II. Plot and mental synthesisBeginning- Charlie is so innocent, dont know how read and write. He is working at Donners Bakery. He wants to become intelligent. He is the subject for Prof. Nemur and Dr. Strausss experiment. emerging Action- Dr. Strauss performs an experimental surgery on Charlie that propels his intelligence to genius levels. Charlie falls in love with Alice except invites he is unable to consummate their relationship because he feels shy childhood embarrassment about his sexuality.Major Conflict- Charlie struggles to reach emotional maturity and feel handle a whole person before his intelligence pull up stakes fade and returns him to his original mentally disabled call down. Climax- Charlie runs aw ay from the scientists who be observing him because he wants freedom. Alice tells Charlie that his work at the laboratory is much important than his relationship with Fay. Charlie realizes in this moment that he can no longer run from his fate or the importance of his emotional journey.Falling Action- Charlie discovers that he provide soon draw back his intelligence. Charlie finds his mother and sister and forgives them for how they treated him as a child. Charlie has a brief, fulfilling relationship with Alice. Charlie returns to his original mentally developmentally challenged state and checks himself into the warren State Home.III. Characters Charlie Gordon is the narrator and briny character of the story. He is 32-twelvemonth-old mentally disabled who works at Donners Bakery and is chosen by the scientist to undergo experimental surgery to improve his intelligence. sooner he got the surgery or become intelligent, he is friendly man and who trust people easily. And then h e realized that people around him are taking advantage and when they are kind to him, it usually has been out of awareness that he is inferior when his intelligence eventually grows.He also realized that he has a feeling for Alice Kinnian since first. Because of the experimental operation promotes Charlies intelligence to such a level that his new genius distances him from people as much as his disability does he feels isolated from people and it makes him to pursue his course of self- education and struggles to untangle his emotional life. He is inspired by his mother to reach his goals like to be emotionally mature. Although Charlie hates the abuse he endured while disabled, he harbors anger toward his old self and, unluckily, feels the same lack of respect for his intellectual inferiors that many others employ to feel for him.In the final weeks of Charlies sharp intelligence, before he returns to his previous mental retardation that he learns to forgive his family and give and r eceive love. Charlies brief moment of emotional grace comes in the form of the fulfilling but short-lived romantic affair he has with Alice. Finally, though Charlie spaces back to his original state at the end of the novel, a fresh sense of self-worth remains within him, despite the fact that he has lost his short-lived intelligence. Algernon is a white lift that also undergoes the surgery of Charlie.Algernons intelligence is higher that Charlies when they first met. Soon, Charlie beats him. Charlie feels a real relationship with Algernon and becomes his friend. Alice Kinnian is the one who teaches Charlie how to read and write and recommends Charlie for Nemur and Strausss experiment. She also teaches literacy skills to mentally disable. Shes the one person with whom Charlie comes to experience a truly fulfilling personal relationship. Professor Nemur is the man that has great intellect but bittie ability to relate to others. Unlike Dr. Strauss, his partner, He is never interested in Charlies emotions but he only cares about Charlies progress as an experimental subject. He is desperate about his career and wants to be known as brilliant. Dr. Strauss is the neurosurgeon who performs Charlies surgery.He is also the psychiatrist whom Charlie meets with on a regular basis for therapy. He is opposite to Prof. Nemur, he is very kind and tries to help recalling memories of Charlie. Rose Gordon is Charlies mother. She is ashamed Charlies disability and insisted that her son is normal. And when she gave take to Norma, younger sister of Charlie, she turned her full attention to Norma and ignored Charlie.IV. Point of View The story is told in a form of first-person. Everything in the story is filtered by dint of Charlies mind of which change radically over the sequence of the novel, as Charlies IQ triples and then falls back to its original level.V. ThemeThe proposition of the story is the mistreatment of mentally disabled person and the conflict between mind and fe elings.VI. Summary The novels action begins in Charlies thirty-second year in Donners Bakery, New York, where he works. Charlie narrates his experience through progress reports, which he has to submit to the research team from Beckman College. Charlie is a retarded adult, and he has agree to submit himself to experimental surgery in order to improve his intelligence. The reports reveal Charlies experiences in the bakery to which the owner, his uncles friend, has brought him from the Warren State Home for retarded people. Charlie becomes a part of the bakery, and considers the people there as his friends. Yet, he is dissatisfied and wants to be smart. So, he joins a special school for retarded people at Beckman College. After this, his teacher, Alice Kinnian, recommends him to a research team at Beckman psychology department. The team is in search of a retarded volunteer, for the experimental surgery to increase intelligence.Charlie then undergoes weeks of testing and competing with a white mouse, Algernon at completing mazes. He is depressed when the mouse beats him every cadence. The operation takes place and Charlie is disappointed at non getting smart immediately. However, he is assured that he will progress gradually, but steadily. Over a period of judgment of conviction, Charlie finds himself being able to read more, pull through some mazes and master complex processes at the bakery. The other workers resent him. He is disillusioned with many of them. He has to spend a lot of time adaptation and being tested at the Beckman lab. By now, he knows that Algernon has also had surgery similar to his, which accounts for his intelligence. Charlie surges ahead in gathering knowledge and mastering languages. He begins to memorise his supportive teacher Alice, as an attractive young woman.They become close and he tries to make love to her. On several occasions, he finds he has a violent physical reaction when he is making love to her and therefore has to stop. He cant understand why this happens. Around the same time, Charlies repressed memories of his home, surface. Disturbing scenes, like, his mother pushing him to study or others when he is being pushed aside in favor of his younger sister, flash through his memory. Charlie is upset, but he finds his newfound intellectual ability thrilling and works hard. He finds that he and Algernon are to be taken to Chicago for a convention, at which Nemur will present the findings of the team. Once there, Algernon and Charlie are the prime exhibits, objects, and humiliating remarks are made in his hearing.He also discovers that the researchers have not given sufficient time to verify their experimental findings before performing the experiment on him. Charlie releases Algernon, and runs away with him to New York. He hides here for some time and rents a house. He understands that his time is short and decides to check the same experiments, in order to trace the reasons for its failure. Charlie get s permission from the sponsors, to work independently on this subject at Beckman. His relationship with Nemur becomes tense and hostile.He cant overcome his problems with Alice and gets involved with Fay, an unconventional artist living next door. With her, he can defeat his inhibitions. But as his work gets more demanding, their relationship becomes strained and finally breaks. In the meantime, Algernons condition gets worse, and he dies. Charlie knows this indicates his own approaching end, and therefore he seeks out his parents. His father is alone in the Browse. Charlie meets him but cant bear to reveal who he is, for fear of disappointment. His meeting with his mother and sister is anticlimactic, as the mother is old and senile, and his sister is having a bad time coping with the responsibility alone.He is satisfied that he can tell them of his achievements. He makes his peace with them and leaves. He confronts Nemur at a political party and charges him of being insensitive. C harlie is also charged of selfishness and arrogance, which he admits is the truth. He accepts that the retarded Charlie is an important and enduring part of him. He and Alice get together but only find fulfillment for a short time. As Charlies mind gets worse, he forces her to leave him. He works at the bakery, and when his condition becomes very bad, he moves to the Warren Home.