Critical And Sophisticated Type Of Academic Writing And...

Essays are a comprehensive and sophisticated type of academic writing and can easily be constructed by breaking down its basic structure. A quality essay is one that presents and supports an argument on a particular topic by applying well-constructed research. Writing an academic essay can be a complicated task, but by paying attention to key elements such as structure, content and presentation, the essay will be easy to develop. However incorrect use of these basic steps can lead the paper to lack cohesion making the paper unclear to the reader. Key components such as sentence structure, paragraph structure, content and presentation are vital in the construction of an effective academic essay. The academic essay is a response to a question using appropriate content. It is a style of writing in which the writer expresses a point of view on a particular topic by critically analysing and evaluating the information and then supporting this with sound evidence (Soles, 2009). Essays are a common type of assessment use to demonstrate the writer’s understanding of a topic and the ability to logically express ideas from research (Carrol, 2014). They allow the writer to show ability in collecting, analysing and organising information, and using this material to construct and express an argument in a logical and coherent manner. (Curtin University, 2012). When writing an essay the writer needs to consider the audience of the paper and to understand the topic being explored in orderShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesasserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part o f this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, OxfordRead MoreCommunication Management Challenges in Construction Project Execution63139 Words   |  253 PagesGo Up to Table of Contents |    | Go To Chapter 2 (Organizing for Project Management) | The Owners Perspective   Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Project Life Cycle   Ã‚  Ã‚   Major Types of Construction   Ã‚  Ã‚   Selection of Professional Services   Ã‚  Ã‚   Construction Contractors   Ã‚  Ã‚   Financing of Constructed Facilities   Ã‚  Ã‚   Legal and Regulatory Requirements   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Changing Environment of the Construction Industry   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Role of Project Managers   Ã‚  Ã‚   References   Ã‚  Ã‚   Footnotes | | | 1. The Owners Perspective Read MoreDeveloping Effective Research Proposals49428 Words   |  198 PagesResearch Proposals Essential Resources for Social Research Punch, Keith. 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However, isolationism has a silver lining, in that it can result in scholars and practitionersRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 Pages Technological Imperatives: IT, the politics of transformation and futures. Notes on Writing a Case Analysis Structuring a Case Analysis General notes on the Medical Model The Organisation is not well Structure of the Medical Model Description Analysis/Diagnosis Options Prescription/Recommendation Action Concluding theoretical commentaries Abstract References Presenting a Case Report Important Notes for Writing Your Own Case Study Space for Doodles, Marginal Notes, Aimless Scribblings, Love LettersRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesof The Harbus, the Harvard Business School newspaper / Lauren Sullivan and the staff of The Harbus.-2nd ed. p.em. ISBN 978...0..312...55007...3 1. Business schools-United States-Admission. 2. Exposition (Rhetoric) 3. Essay-Authorship. 4. Business w riting. 5. Harvard Business School. 1. Sullivan, Lauren. II. Harbus. III. Title: Sixty...five successful Harvard Business School application essays. HF1131.A1352009 808.06665-dc22 2009012531 First Edition: August 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Read MorePractical Guide to Market Research62092 Words   |  249 Pagespurchaser. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 1-905529-30-9 Contents Page Preface Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Bibliography The Basics of Market Research Research Objectives Research Design An Introduction to Research Methodologies Introduction to Qualitative Research Introduction to Quantitative Research Introduction to Sampling An Introduction to Questionnaire Design Turning Data

Industrialization Of The Second Industrial Revolution

The Second Industrial Revolution, which reached its peak during 1870 to 1914, marked a significant turning point in American history. Before this era of progression and industrial excellence, America was on the verge of expansion like never before. From the vast amounts of land gained through the Annexation of Texas in 1845, the British retreating from Oregon in 1846, and the Mexican cession of Southwest territory guaranteed by the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo of 1848, (Engelman) America was able to expand their territory and access new resources. Industrialization and factory growth in the North was just budding and beginning to create economic success, along with spurring a rise of urbanization and migration of foreign workers to America.†¦show more content†¦Other plentiful resources include coal, iron, oil, and ore (Pacheco). The utilization of these resources led to a variety of new inventions. Using iron, one valuable invention that was created to make agriculture more efficient was the iron bladed plow, created by Jethro Wood in 1819, that could plow through all types of fields (Alchin). Perhaps the most important advancement was the development of railroads, such as between 1863 and 1869 when the first transcontinental railroad was built using iron. This railroad linked the east and west—the Atlantic to the Pacific—which was a true phenomenon during this time (Alchin). Both these revolutionary creations, the bladed plow and the transcontinental railroad, among many others, allowed the economy to prosper, due to the use of the natural resources. The railroad increased efficiency and wealth for citizens nationwide, as this â€Å"opened up new markets for farmers, industrialists, and bankers who could now bring crops and cotton from the Mississippi River Valley, wheat in the Midwest, and manufactured goods in upstate New York into a global market based on credit† (Engelman). Another significant reason why our economy prospered during this revolution was the expanding labor force available to work in factories to mass-produce products. The opportunity to work in industrial factories attracted millions around the world, which lead to a population explosion within cities, as almost â€Å"11Show MoreRelatedSecond Industrial Revolution1000 Words   |  4 PagesSecond US Industrial Revolution, 1870 -1910 Darris Adkins Abstract In this brief paper, a description of two developments of industrialization that positively affected the United States and two developments that negatively affected the United States will be discussed. An analysis of whether or not industrialization was generally beneficial or detrimental to the lives of Americans and the history of the United States will be outlined. Second US Industrial Revolution, 1870 -1910 In this briefRead MoreIndustrialization During The Industrial Revolution1577 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization – ever changing the face and heartbeat of our society and the world in which we live – since the Industrial Revolution began in Britain (from 1760 until sometime between 1820 and 1840). The improvement of business acquisitions and evolution of trade were essential to the Industrial Revolution. Most of the British population lived in the countryside, in small villages, and interacted closely within their family unit and work. Industrialization, however, drastically altered theRead MoreIndustrialization After the Civil War Research Paper1321 Words   |  6 Pages1.2: Research Paper Industrialization after the Civil War Shana Dukes History 105 Professor Tracey M. Biagas February 3. 2014 Introduction Industrialization after the Civil War was a period where Industrial city were being built, there were jobs for people and the political aspect was having corruption. In this paper the main points in this paper discussed the major aspects of the Industrialization Revolution, such as groups that were affected by the Industrial society, and the affectsRead MoreEssay on The First Industrial Revolution: Progressing Society1022 Words   |  5 PagesThe First Industrial Revolution: Progressing Society The First Industrial Revolution modified every aspect of daily life. According to Princeton University â€Å"Economic historians are in agreement that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in the history of humanity since the domestication of animals and plants† (Princeton par. 6). The First Industrial Revolution brought along machines, a capitalist economy, and trade expansion. 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Impacts of Race on Health Policy-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impacts of Race on Health Policy System. Answer: Introduction Everyone is entitled to quality and good health care services from any medical facility. Your cultural background should not deter you from accessing medical facilities and getting the required treatment. Race can be defined as the grouping of individuals based on their cultural, genetic, physical, social or ancestral traits. Racism is the discrimination, harassment or biases of one race by another who views themselves as superior to the others. Racism in health care leads to differences in access to quality healthcare. The race has been one of the major problems in Canada that have led to poor health care and those affected have difficulties in accessing quality health care because of the diverse cultural backgrounds that they are coming from (Betancourt et al., 2016). It is the responsibility of the government to introduce health policies that are inclusive and considerate for every Canadian citizen. Good health policy system help in improving health care for every individual irrespective of your race and cultural background in health policy system; race is a contributory factor to the success and effectiveness of the system (Tang, Browne, 2008). A health policy system that involves racism leads to poor quality services, inequality in access to health care, dissatisfied patients and increase in a number of patients. Racism has led to an increased number of patients resorting to other alternatives of health care like the tradition health care for the various illnesses. This has also lead to the rise of mortality in patients who are having chronic illnesses and are from the minority communities because of the discrimination and lack of adequate health care. The introduction of inclusive health care policies will help in reducing the mortality rate and improving health care among all Canadian citizens. Racism in Canada's health care policy system The negative beliefs about race and ethinicity are deeply ingrained in the culture of Canada. This popular culture is often associated with devaluing the backs and other non-white residents of Canada. Several research studies have provided evidence that suggests televisions play an important role in establishing this culture of racism. Television shows most often portray black people in a negative way and this has been linked to high levels of racial prejudice. On the other hand, widely read newspapers and books frequently pair the word black with words like poor, lazy, violent, and dangerous. While the word white is often linked to other words such as, progressive, wealthy, educated and successful. These negative messages are adopted by the people unconsciously and they start developing a bias that results in discrimination against the black people and leads to racial inequality. Healthcare professionals, clinicians and administrators of the health policy system are no exception (Alimezelli et al., 2014). Racism in Canada has long existed with the majority of the minority group consisting blacks have resettled in Quebec. Racism in Canada has exceeded many other countries, the minority groups have not fully been recognized by the government (Hutchison, levesque, Strumpf, Coyle, 2011). However much the government today is trying to change the perception and reducing the level of discrimination of the minority groups within its territory. Results from previous studies have reported that biased treatment recommendations exist in the healthcare facilities for black patients, and this has been linked to greater amount of implicit bias among physicians and clinicians. This often leads to poor quality of communication between the healthcare professionals and their clients and results in patient dissatisfaction. The patients who face racial and ethnic discrimination in hospital settings often give low ratings to the quality of care they received and their poor encounters with the doctors. The minority groups in Canada have long suffered because of the poor and limited health facilities in the regions where the minority groups live. This, however, has led to the rise of mortality in the minority groups especially those with chronic illness and also maternal mortality. Several causes of health inequities caused by racism are having less access to social resources such as education, inadequate economic resources, poor housing, engaging in health behaviors that are risky, exposure to environment hazards, stress caused by racism in an environment one lives in, social traumas such as sexual abuse and spousal abuse, programs such as screening being underutilized and having no trust in the healthcare systems (Prus, Tfaily, Lin, 2010). Living in poor neighbourhoods increases the exposure to toxic chemicals and restricts access to healthy foods (Beiser Hou, 2014). This increases the chances of adverse health outcomes among the minorities. Evidences suggest that significant disparities exist in the health outcomes of the racialized people owing to the fact that they do not get equal access to medical care facilities, such as, pediatric wards and veterans hospitals, when compared to the majority of white people (Kim et al., 2013). Therefore, practice of racism in healthcare institutions, bias among caregivers, stereotyping attitude and stigma are the major contributing factors to the incidence of racial inequalities in the healthcares system (Dovidio et al., 2017). This results in a shift in the focus from offering holistic care services to all patients regardless of their race or ethnic backgrounds. The government has the responsibility of playing a major role in reducing racism in Canada by making good policies that does not only favor the "white" people in getting efficient health care but instead come up with policies that ensures that access to primary healthcare is everyone's right irrespective of your race, tribe, color, and cultural background, it should be diversified (Papadopoulos, 2006). Healthcare organizations also have an equal responsibility of ensuring equality in the healthcare facilities. The healthcare organizations can introduce programs that are cultural diversity oriented with the aims of training health practitioners about cultural diversity and competence. This program should focus their attention on the marginalized groups and how they can get quality health care. The healthcare organizations should recruit persons from the minority groups in the health care system to create a free and conducive environment for the minority groups to feel comfortable and safe in the healthcare facilities (Kirmayer Brass, 2016). Most of the trained healthcare practitioners from minority groups often go back to their regions to offer health care services in the available health facilities and this is another way of promoting adequate health care for the minority groups. Ontario Human Right Commission (OHRC) has put in place policies that protect the minority groups from being oppressed and denied equal right to access medical facilities and other government public resources (Deber, Mah, 2014). The Canadian Community Health Survey (2016) provided data that supported the less likelihood of visible minorities in the Canadian community to create contacts with their specialist physicians or to get admitted in hospitals following an episode of illness, when compared to the Whites. Inequalities are consistently found between the Whites and racialized people with regard to hospital admissions, visits to a specialist, and screening tests for cancer, when the former were controlled for income, sex, language, and duration of residence in Canada. An adjustment of health status and socio-demographic features will reduce the existing disparities and increase the likelihood of the minorities to contact their general practitioners and utilize healthcare services. Evidences suggest that there is a profound lack of customary collection of health data that are related to race and ethnicity of the people living in Canada (Siddiqi et al., 2013). Furthermore, the unavailability of race based data in the Canadian cancer registries creates difficulties in ascertaining the impacts of race and ethnic history on the incidence of breast cancer and its survival in Canada. In addition, data reveal that the national population surveys under-represent the presence of immigrants in the population. This also creates difficulties for the minorities to adequately access the exisitig healthcare services (Wang Hu, 2013). Public and policymakers' responsibility The public and policymakers have the responsibility to take up actions in order to eliminate the issue of racism in the healthcare system. Such actions involve creating and increasing public awareness on the issue of racism and its effects on the quality and accessibility of healthcare (Giesbrecht, Crooks, 2016). The awareness can be increased through the support of policies and procedures that address racism, the establishment of community, groups and alliance programs that fight the issue of racism. Increase in the representation of the radicalized groups in the decision-making processes as well as in the organization's structure will help in eliminating the racism in Canada (Clavier, Leeuw, 2013). The public and policymakers should strife in implementing and enforcing policies and procedures that are free from racism. The policymakers should emphasise on the need for collecting standardized data related to ethnicity, race and primary language of all people who are entitled to use the healthcare system. The importance of standardized data collection lies in the fact that it will help the policy makers and the caregivers to identify and eliminate ethnic and racial inequities in healthcare (Cahill Makadon, 2014). Adequate data on the race and ethnicity of the patients and their care providers allow provisions to on patient and provider race and ethnicity would allow researchers to unravel the factors that contribute to inequities. This will also assist them in formulating better healthcare plans that meets the cultural needs of the minorities (Wang, 2014). A routine monitoring of their performances will facilitate in easy identification of discriminatory practices, ensure accountability, help in evaluation of the different therapeutic strategies and will eventually improve patient outcomes. The recruitment and retaining of staff from the minority groups will help in building a culture of diversity in the health, implementation of programs that involve training the practitioners on anti-discriminatory and culturally diverse health care. The availability of interpreters in the facilities will also help eliminate racism in the healthcare system. Support the establishment of acts and policies that address the racism in health care system and also allocate sufficient funds in support of racism research, in conducting discussions with the stakeholders on eradicating the racism in the country (Westhues, Wharf, 2012). The policymakers should ensure the patients exercise their rights to access proper healthcare through the introduction of a complaint box to air their complaints as well as to pro-actively respond to racism. A consideration to form a committee that addresses on racial equality will also help in dealing with the racism problem in the Canadians health policy system (Diehr et al., 2017). The policymakers should adopt cultural competence, which will provide them the ability to deliver healthcare services that meets the cultural, social, and linguistic needs of the minorities (Rajaram Bockrath, 2014). Lack of cultural competence will increase the risk of patients of receiving poor quality care and experiencing negative health outcomes. Some of the common strategies that can be adopted by the policy makers for developing a culturally competent healthcare environment include the following: Arranging for interpreter services Recruiting and retaining staff belonging to the minorities Creating training programs to increase cultural knowledge, awareness and skills Including the family and community members in decision making Incorporating culture-specific attitudes in different health promotion tools Locating clinics in geographical regions that can be easily accessed by the minority groups. Certain guidelines must be adopted by the policymakers to eliminate the healthcare disparities. These policies should focus on enhancing the attitudes of the healthcare professionals in regards to accepting that it is their responsibility to understand the cultural aspects of illness and health of all residents of Canada Recognizing the personal biases that exist against people belonging to different cultures and ethnic backgrounds Respecting and tolerating cultural differences among all patients (Dimick Ryan, 2014). The guidelines should increase the willingness of caregivers to make provisions for easily accessible clinical settings. Setting up accreditation standards will also benefit the minorities as it will enhance the skills of medical students to understand the diverse cultures that exist in the society and will further help them to perceive the different forms of illness and respond to them accordingly (Laymon et al., 2015). Summary The issue of racism, in Canada, cannot be ignored as it deeply affects the health care system. It is a major issue that should be addressed by all the stakeholders who include the government, the healthcare providers, and organizations, the consumers' and the general public. All the stakeholders should unite in implementing and enforcing policies and procedures that upholds equality and fights to eliminate racism in the health care systems. This will lead to appropriate address of all existing racial biases in healthcare delivery. References Alimezelli, H. T., Leis, A., Backman, A., Denis, W., Karunanayake, C. (2014, May). Disparities, Health Services Policies, and Minority Francophone Older Adults in Canada. Inconference Social Policy and Health Inequalities: An International Perspective, QICSS, Montreal(pp. 7-9). Beiser, M., Hou, F. (2014). Chronic health conditions, labour market participation and resource consumption among immigrant and native-born residents of Canada.International journal of public health,59(3), 541-547. Betancourt, J. R., Green, A. R., Carrillo, J. E., Owusu Ananeh-Firempong, I. I. (2016). Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care.Public health reports. Cahill, S., Makadon, H. (2014). Sexual orientation and gender identity data collection in clinical settings and in electronic health records: A key to ending LGBT health disparities.LGBT health,1(1), 34-41. Clavier, C., Leeuw, E. J. J. (2013).Health promotion and the policy process. Deber, R. B., Mah, C. L. (2014).Case studies in Canadian health policy and management. Diehr, A. J., Jordan, T., Price, J., Sheu, J. J., Dake, J. (2017). Assessing the strategies of state offices of minority health to reduce health disparities.American Journal of Health Studies,32(1). Dimick, J. B., Ryan, A. M. (2014). Methods for evaluating changes in health care policy: the difference-in-differences approach.Jama,312(22), 2401-2402. Dovidio, J. F., Penner, L. A., Calabrese, S. K., Pearl, R. L. (2017). 2 Physical Health Disparities and Stigma: Race, Sexual Orientation, and Body Weight.The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health, 29. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=bOw9DwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA29dq=Dovidio,+J.+F.,+Penner,+L.+A.,+Calabrese,+S.+K.,+%26+Pearl,+R.+L.+(2017).+2+Physical+Health+Disparities+and+Stigma:+Race,+Sexual+Orientation,+and+Body+Weight.+The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Stigma,+Discrimination,+and+Health,ots=9OgPpHjLErsig=7hlk4DmuG2WNgLhoZDvshpy2iLU#v=onepageqf=false Giesbrecht, D., Crooks, A., (2016). Place, Health and Diversity: Learning from the Canadian experience. Routledge. Hutchison, B., levesque, J. F., Strumpf, E., Coyle, N. (2011). Primary health care in Canada: systems in motion.The Milbank Quarterly,89(2), 256-288. Kim, I. H., Carrasco, C., Muntaner, C., McKenzie, K., Noh, S. (2013). Ethnicity and postmigration health trajectory in new immigrants to Canada.American Journal of Public Health,103(4), e96-e104. Kirmayer, L. J., Brass, G. (2016). Addressing global health disparities among Indigenous peoples.Lancet (London, England),388(10040), 105. Laymon, B., Shah, G., Leep, C. J., Elligers, J. J., Kumar, V. (2015). The proof's in the partnerships: Are Affordable Care Act and Local Health Department accreditation practices influencing collaborative partnerships in community health assessment and improvement planning?.Journal of Public Health Management and Practice,21(1), 12-17. Papadopoulos, I. (2006).Transcultural health and social care: Development of culturally competent practitioners. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone Prus, S. G., Tfaily, R., Lin, Z. (2010). Comparing racial and immigrant health status and health care access in later life in Canada and the United States.Canadian Journal on Aging/La Revue canadienne du vieillissement,29(3), 383-395. Rajaram, S. S., Bockrath, S. (2014). Cultural competence: New conceptual insights into its limits and potential for addressing health disparities.Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice,7(5), 6. Siddiqi, A., Ornelas, I. J., Quinn, K., Zuberi, D., Nguyen, Q. C. (2013). Societal context and the production of immigrant status-based health inequalities: a comparative study of the United States and Canada.Journal of public health policy,34(2), 330-344. Statcan.gc.ca. (2017).The DailyCanadian Community Health Survey, 2016.Statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 20 November 2017, from https://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/170927/dq170927a-eng.htm Tang, S. Y., Browne, A. J., (2008). Racematters: racialization and egalitarian discourses involving Aboriginal people in the Canadian health care context.Ethnicity and Health,13(2), 109-127. Wang, L. (2014). Immigrant health, socioeconomic factors and residential neighbourhood characteristics: A comparison of multiple ethnic groups in Canada.Applied Geography,51, 90-98. Wang, L., Hu, W. (2013). Immigrant health, place effect and regional disparities in Canada.Social Science Medicine,98, 8-17. Westhues, A., Wharf, B. (2012).Canadian social policy: Issues and perspectives

Michael Shi Essays (542 words) - Ethnic Groups In South Sudan

Michael Shi Reading Response 3 In The Nuer : A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political institutions of a Nilotic People , an ethnography published in 1940, Edward E van Evans-Pritchard describes the Nuer people and how they live, focusing on their unique relationship with cattle. The Nuer people hold cattle in high regard and "will gladly risk their lives to defend their herds or to pillage those of their neighbors" (Evans-Pritchard, 16). According to his study, cattle play a very important role in essentially all social situations. Birth, death, marriage, coming-of-age rituals, social standing, and language are all associated with cattle in some major way. Sharon Elaine Hutchinson followed up on Evans-Pritchard's work 40 years later in Nuer Dilemmas : Coping with Money, War, and the State. In the chapter "Orientations" Hutchinson reflects on Evans-Pritchard's The Nuer and some of the possible shortcomings of his study. She argues that Evans-Pritchard viewed the culture of the Nuer people in a static way and aims to depict the Nuer in a more dynamic and less generalized way in her study. In "Blood, Cattle, and Cash," Hutchinson writes about the Nuer people's attitudes towards money and cattle and how it changed over time through British colonialism. Both readings were ethnographical studies, but came from very different time periods. Hutchinson's study was composed in collaboration with the Nuer as both informants and critical commentators (Hutchinson, 29) whereas Evans-Pritchard did his study without active participation from the Nuer people. When reading about the Nuer people's close relationship with their cattle, I immediately thought back to Scott's lecture about domestication and his argument that humans domesticated themselves. Evans-Pritchard had a similar thought as Scott, writing "It has been remarked that the Nuer might be called parasites of the cow, but it might be said with equal force that the cow is a parasite of the Nuer, whose lives are spent in ensuring its wel fare" (Evans-Pritchard, 36). Evans-Pritchard concludes that their relationship is a symbiotic one, which is the same conclusion I came to when reading Scott's piece in the second week of the course. I found the relationship between cattle and social standing to be interesting and was thinking about if anything similar appears in other societies. People owning exotic or dangerous animals as a symbol of status and the video we saw in class of cock fighting were two examples I thought of. I find it interesting to see the same human behavior manifest itself in different, isolated societies. Another thing I found thought-provoking was Hutchinson's point that Evans-Pritchard's writing may have been influenced by his background. It makes me wonder how objective we can be when recording anything qualitative, since our background and previous experiences will always influence how we interpret things. Evans-Pritchard, Edward Evan. 1940. The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People. Oxford University Press. Chapter 1: Interest in Cattle (pp. 16-50) Hutchinson, Sharon Elaine. 1996. Nuer Dilemmas: Coping with Money, War, and the State. University of California Press. "Orientations" (pp. 21-37) and "Blood, Cattle, and Cash" (pp. 56-102)